Njenge "ntliziyo" yetransformer, i-iron core idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguqulweni kwamandla kagesi. Ayichaphazeli kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla e-transformer, kodwa ikwanxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomthamo, ubunzima, kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwezixhobo. Uphuhliso lwezinto ze-iron core, ukusuka kwi-iron ecocekileyo yemizi-mveliso ukuya kwi-alloys ezingafaniyo namhlanje, luye lwabona uphuhliso oluhle kakhulu lwetekhnoloji yetransformer.
Umsebenzi oyintloko kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwesiseko sentsimbi
Umsebenzi ophambili we-transformer core kukubonelela ngesekethe yemagnethi esebenza kakuhle, evumela amandla ombane ukuba adluliselwe phakathi kweesekethe ezahlukeneyo ngomgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Ukusebenza kwe-iron core kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izalathisi zobugcisa nezoqoqosho ze-transformer. Iimfuno ezisisiseko zezinto ze-iron core zezi: ukulahleka kwe-iron core ephantsi kwi-frequency ethile kunye ne-magnetic flux density, kunye ne-magnetic flux density ephezulu kwi-magnetic field strength ethile.
Ukulahleka kwe-core kuquka iinxalenye ezimbini: ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis kunye nokulahleka kwe-eddy current. Ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis kunxulumene nobunzima be-magnetization yezinto, ngelixa ukulahleka kwe-eddy current kubangelwa yi-circulating current ebangelwa yi-alternating magnetic flux kwi-iron core. Ukunciphisa ezi lahleko, izixhobo ze-iron core ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zibe ne-resistivity ephezulu yombane, i-magnetic permeability ephezulu, kunye ne-low coercivity.
Inkqubo yokuvela kwezinto ezisisiseko sesinyithi
Uphuhliso lwezixhobo eziphambili ze-transformer ludlule kuhambo olude nolunomdla. Ii-transformer cores zokuqala zazisebenzisa ucingo oluqhelekileyo lwentsimbi yekhabhoni okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni njengezinto zemagnethi. Ngo-1885, umzi-mveliso waseGunz eHungary waphuhlisa i-transformer yokuqala yesigaba esinye enesekethe yemagnethi evaliweyo, kwaye i-iron core yayo yenziwe ngolu hlobo lwento.
Ngo-1900, uRA Hadfield, indoda yaseNgilani, kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba ukongeza i-silicon kwisinyithi esithambileyo kunokuphucula ukumelana nobushushu, kunciphise ukulahleka kwe-eddy current kunye ne-hysteresis, kwaye kunciphise imeko "yokuguga okuphakathi". Ngo-1903, i-United States neJamani zaqala ukuvelisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon ashushu, nto leyo eyayiphawula ukuqala kwexesha lamaphepha esinyithi e-silicon.
Iisheyiphu zesinyithi zesilicon ezigoqwe ngobushushu zineengxaki ezifana nokusebenza okungalinganiyo kunye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, kwenziwa uphuhliso kwitekhnoloji yeesheyiphu zesinyithi zesilicon ezigoqwe ngobushushu. Ngo-1933, uGauss wasebenzisa iindlela ezimbini zokugoqwa ngobushushu kunye neendlela zokuqhoboshela ukuvelisa intsimbi ye-3% Si eneempawu eziphezulu zemagnethi ecaleni kwendlela yokugoqwa. Ngo-1935, iArmco Steel Company yase-United States yasebenzisana neWestinghouse Company ukuqala ukuvelisa intsimbi yesilicon egoqwe ngobushushu.
Emva kweminyaka yoo-1960, amazwe amakhulu aphuhlileyo ayeka kancinci ukuvelisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon ashukunyiswayo aze aguqukele kumaphepha esinyithi e-silicon ashukunyiswayo asebenza ngcono. Ngo-1964, i-Nippon Steel Corporation yaseJapan yaphuhlisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon ashukunyiswayo ashukunyiswayo asebenza ngcono. Ngo-1964, i-Nippon Steel Corporation yaseJapan yaphuhlisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon ashukunyiswayo ashukunyiswayo asebenzisa i-grain oriented cold-rolled cold (i-Hi-B steel), nto leyo eyanciphisa ngakumbi ilahleko ezingenamthwalo kwii-transformers.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1970, izinto ze-alloy ezi-amorphous zaqala ukubonakala eqongeni lembali. Ngo-1974, i-United Microelectronics Corporation yavelisa ii-alloys ezi-amorphous ezisekelwe kwi-iron, kwaye ngo-1978, i-United States yavelisa ii-transformers ze-iron core ezi-amorphous eziyi-10KVA. Olu hlobo lutsha lwezinto luneempawu zokulahleka kwesinyithi okuphantsi kakhulu, kuphela yi-1/3-1/5 yamaphepha esinyithi e-silicon yendabuko, evula ixesha elitsha lokonga amandla kwii-transformers.
Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neempawu zezinto eziphambili zesinyithi
ishidi lesinyithi lesilicon
Ishiti yesinyithi yesilicon yi-alloy ethambileyo yemagnethi yesinyithi yesilicon enomxholo ophantsi kakhulu wekhabhoni, ngokubanzi inomxholo wesilicon oyi-0.5-4.5%. Ukongeza isilicon kunokunyusa ukumelana kombane kunye nokungena okuphezulu kwemagnethi yesinyithi, ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa, ukulahleka kwesiseko, kunye nokuguga kwemagnethi. Amaphepha esinyithi eSilicon anokwahlulwa abe ngamacandelo amabini: aqengqelekayo ashushu kunye naqengqelekayo abandayo, apho aqengqelekayo abandayo ahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi abe ziintlobo ezijolise kunye nezingezojolise.
Ishiti yesinyithi yesilicon egoqwe ngombala obandayo ibhekisa kwi-alloy ye-0.5% ~ 4.0% (Si + Al), egoqwe ngombala obandayo ukuya kwi-0.65mm, 0.5mm, kunye ne-0.35mm ize igqunywe kwaye igqunywe ukuze yenziwe. Uhlobo lwayo lwengqolowa lusasazeke kakhulu, kwaye ineempawu zemagnethi ezifanayo kuzo zonke iindlela.
Intsimbi yesilicon esekwe kwi-oriented ine-magnetic permeability ephezulu kunye neempawu zokulahleka okuphantsi kwicala elinokutsalwa lula yimagnetizable, elihlangabezana neemfuno ze-magnetic conductivity zezixhobo zamandla ezimileyo ezifana nee-transformers. I-avareji ye-grain orientation deviation angle ye-normal oriented silicon steel (CGO) imalunga ne-7 °, kwaye ixabiso le-saturation magnetic susceptibility B8 lingaphezulu kwe-1.82 Tesla; I-avareji ye-grain orientation deviation angle ye-high magnetic orientation silicon steel (Hi-B) imalunga ne-3 °, kwaye ixabiso le-B8 lingaphezulu kwe-1.90 Tesla.
ingxubevange engenasimo
I-Amorphous alloy yinto esebenzayo yesinyithi ene-athomu ezisasazwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwi-matrix yezinto, enokwakheka "kweglasi". I-amorphous alloy eqhelekileyo ine-80% yentsimbi, kunye nezinye izinto eziseleyo yi-boron kunye ne-silicon. Le nto ineempawu zamandla aphezulu okungenisa amandla e-magnetic (1.54T), i-magnetic permeability ephezulu, i-excitation current ephantsi, kunye nokulahleka kwentsimbi ephantsi kakhulu.
Ukulahleka kwesinyithi kwee-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-iron-based amorphous yi-1/3 ukuya kwi-1/5 kuphela yee-oriented silicon steel sheets, nto leyo enciphisa ukulahleka okungenamthwalo kwee-amorphous alloy transformers nge-70% ukuya kwi-80% xa kuthelekiswa nee-silicon steel transformers zemveli. Uxinano lwe-saturation magnetic flux lwee-amorphous alloys luphantsi kakhulu (malunga ne-1.5T), ngoko ke uxinano lwe-magnetic flux olulinganisiweyo lukhethwa ngokubanzi njenge-1.3-1.4T.
Ubukhulu bomcu we-amorphous alloy buncinci kakhulu, yi-0.03mm kuphela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-lamination coefficient ibe malunga ne-80% kuphela kwi-amorphous iron core. Nangona i-amorphous alloys zinobunzima obuphantsi kunee-silicon steel sheets, ubunzima bomcu we-iron core busenzima.
Uyilo lwesakhiwo esingundoqo
Uyilo lwesakhiwo se-transformer core nalo luye lwaguquka kakhulu. Ukususela kwi-laminated iron core yokuqala, ukuya kwi-C-shaped iron core, uze uye kwi-ring-shaped (coiled iron core), isakhiwo ngasinye sineempawu zaso kunye neenzuzo zaso.
Isiseko sentsimbi esijikelezayo senziwe ngemicu yentsimbi yesilicon ejikelezayo, njengentwasahlobo yewotshi eqinileyo. Olu hlobo lwesiseko sentsimbi lunesekethe yemagnethi eqhubekayo engenazikhewu zomoya, nto leyo ebangela ukumelana okuphantsi kwemagnethi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Xa kuthelekiswa neetransformers ezifakwe ilaminate ezinomthamo ofanayo, iitransformers zetoroidal zinezibonelelo zobukhulu obuncinci, ubunzima obuphantsi, kunye nokuvuza okuphantsi kwemagnethi.
Kwii-transformers ze-alloy ezi-amorphous, ngenxa yobunzima bokusika izixhobo zazo, zihlala ziyilwe njengezakhiwo zentsimbi ezijikelezileyo. Ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwe-transformer yesigaba esinye luyifreyimu, ngelixa ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwe-transformer yesigaba sesithathu lwenziwa ngokudibanisa iifreyimu ezine kwisakhiwo esifana nesakhiwo sekholamu ezintlanu sesigaba sesithathu. Olu lwakhiwo lwenza ukuba ukujija kwesigaba ngasinye kubekwe kwiifreyimu ezimbini ezizimeleyo zesekethe yemagnethi, kuphelisa ngempumelelo impembelelo ye-three harmonic magnetic flux.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto zentsimbi engundoqo
Inkqubo yokuvelisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon iyinkimbinkimbi, ingakumbi amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon ajolise ngqo kuyo. Inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa iyinkimbinkimbi, ifestile yenkqubo incinci, kwaye ubunzima bokuvelisa bukhulu. Yaziwa ngokuba "yimisebenzi yezandla yeemveliso zentsimbi".
Inkqubo yokuvelisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon angenalo ulwalathiso idla ngokuquka: ii-billets zentsimbi ezigoqekayo ezishushu okanye ii-billets eziqhubeka zisetyenziswa kwiikhoyili ezinobukhulu obuyi-2.3mm, kulandele ukuhlanjwa nge-asidi, ukugoqwa nge-cold, ukuqhoboshelwa, kunye neenkqubo zokugquma ifilimu yokwambathisa. Kwiimveliso ze-silicon eziphezulu, kuyimfuneko kuqala ukuzilungisa kwi-800-850 ℃ emva kokugoqwa nge-hot, kulandele ukuhlanjwa nge-asidi, ukugoqwa nge-cold ukuya kubukhulu obuthile, ukuqhoboshelwa, emva koko ukuqhoboshelwa nge-cold ngesantya esiphantsi sokunciphisa, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuqhoboshelwa kokugqibela.
Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuvelisa ii-alloys ezingenanto kukufafaza umphunga wesinyithi onyibilikisiweyo kwisakhelo sobhedu esijikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siyapholiswa size siqine sibe ziimbambo ezincinci ngesantya se-106 ℃/s. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluphezulu olwenziwe kukucima kufuneka luncitshiswe ngokufaka i-annealing phakathi kwe-200 ℃ kunye ne-280 ℃ ukuze kufunyanwe iipropati ezintle zemagnethi.
Iingenelo zokonga amandla zezinto ezisisiseko sesinyithi
Iitransformer zininzi kwaye zinamandla amakhulu kwinkqubo yamandla, nto leyo ebangela ilahleko enkulu iyonke. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ilahleko iyonke yeetransformer eTshayina imalunga ne-10% yokuveliswa kombane kwenkqubo. Ukunciphisa ilahleko nge-1% nganye kunokonga amawaka ezigidi zeekhilowathi iiyure zombane ngonyaka.
Iitransformer zentsimbi ezi-amorphous alloy zineziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokonga amandla. Ukulahleka komthwalo kwiitransformer zentsimbi ezi-amorphous alloy core ze-SH12 series kuncitshiswe malunga ne-75% xa kuthelekiswa neetransformer zesinyithi ze-silicon series ze-S9. Nangona iitransformer zentsimbi ezi-amorphous zibiza kakhulu kuneetransformer zemveli, iindleko zazo zokusebenza ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ixesha lokuhlawula utyalo-mali ngokubanzi liphakathi kweminyaka emi-2-5.
Imimandla ephuhlileyo kwezoqoqosho emelwe ngamaphondo aseShanghai, eJiangsu, naseZhejiang iye yamkela ii-transformers ze-alloy ezi-amorphous ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. I-Jiangsu Electric Power Company iceba nokufaka imigca emitsha nehlaziyiweyo kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwee-transformers ze-alloy ezi-amorphous akufuneki kube ngaphantsi kwe-30%.
Indlela yophuhliso lwezinto ezisisiseko sesinyithi
Izixhobo zentsimbi eziphambili ziyaphuhliswa zijolise ekulahlekelweni yintsimbi ephantsi kunye nokufakelwa okuphezulu kwemagnethi. Kwiishiti zesinyithi zesilicon, kubandakanya intsimbi yesilicon engacwangciswanga kwiimoto ezisebenzisa kakhulu, iinkcukacha ezincinci zokulahlekelwa yintsimbi ephantsi kakhulu, intsimbi yesilicon ejolise kwi-induction ephezulu yemagnethi, kunye nentsimbi yesilicon ephezulu kwizixhobo zombane ezigcina amandla eziphakathi neziphezulu.
Isinyithi se-silicon esiphezulu (i-Si Fe alloy ene-4.5% ~ 6.7% Si) sineempawu zokulahlekelwa yintsimbi okunciphileyo kakhulu kwiifrequensi eziphezulu, i-magnetic permeability ephezulu, kunye ne-comercivity ephantsi. Kodwa umxholo wayo we-Si uphezulu kakhulu, kwaye i-plasticity yayo ayilunganga kakhulu kubushushu begumbi, okwenza kube nzima ukuyiqengqeleka nokuyila. Okwangoku, izinto ze-Si Fe alloy ezingacwangciswanga zilungiswa kakhulu ngenkqubo yokungena kwe-silicon.
Izinto eziguqulweyo ze-nano kunye nezinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio nazo zezinye zeendlela zophuhliso zexesha elizayo. Njengoko imfuno yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo isanda, uphuhliso lwezinto ezingundoqo zesinyithi ezingengobungozi, ezinokubola, okanye ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe luya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yophando.
Isiphelo
Uphuhliso lwezinto eziphambili ze-transformer luye lwabona indibaniselwano egqibeleleyo yesayensi yezinto kunye nobunjineli bombane. Ukusuka kwintsimbi ye-carbon eqhelekileyo ukuya kwiishiti zentsimbi ye-silicon, ukuya kwii-alloys ezi-amorphous, yonke into ephuhliweyo iye yaphucula kakhulu inqanaba lokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwee-transformers.
Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje apho ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kuye kwaba yinto evunywa kwihlabathi liphela, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo zentsimbi akuhambelani nje neenzuzo zoqoqosho, kodwa kukwanoxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo, ii-transformer cores ziya kuqhubeka ziphuhlisa ukulahleka okuphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, okufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yamandla eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-29-2025
